ABSTRACT
In this section, the relationship between Covid-19 and foods and the applications in the food and beverage industry against this pandemic are discussed. Until now, no substantial evidence has been obtained regarding the transmission of this virus through food. However, it is argued that food surfaces pose the risk of contamination. The ways of removing the virus during the preparation and cooking of food are also discussed in this section. One of the areas most affected by Covid-19 is undoubtedly the food industry. In the quarantines applied in the first days of the pandemic, many businesses either closed or turned to package service. In addition to many financial losses, unemployment also reached very high figures. With the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) and some measures based on government practices, these businesses were allowed to open. © Dogan Gursoy, Mehmet Sarıışık, Robin Nunkoo and Erhan Boğan 2021.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19, which started in December 2019 in China and has since spread throughout the whole world, is known as the most important crisis of this century. The pandemic has decimated or otherwise significantly affected economies, health, and travel. While COVID-19 has affected the world like outbreaks of the past, it is also clearly different in terms of its rapidity, severity, and economic impact. In this section, the general problems and effects of COVID-19 are discussed. Many different topics will be covered, from the loss of life caused by the pandemic to quarantine practices, changes in social life and restriction of travel. First, the number of cases and loss of life, along with developments in the field of health since the emergence of COVID-19 will be explained. Then, the disease, Äôs effects on general life and economies will be emphasized. Finally, the latest data related to tourism will be evaluated. © Dogan Gursoy, Mehmet Sarıışık, Robin Nunkoo and Erhan Boğan 2021.
ABSTRACT
Around mid-December 2019, Wuhan, one of the most populous cities in China, experienced an outbreak of coronavirus (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Yang et al., 2020). The World Health Organization declared the outbreak as a public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020, and a pandemic on March 11, 2020. On December 15, 2020, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDP) reported 71 503 614 cases and 1 612 833 deaths worldwide. The negative impacts of COVID-19 are not only limited to the loss of human lives, but also include short- and long-term social, economic and political effects. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD, 2020), for example, forecasts that a long-lasting and more intensive COVID-19 outbreak is likely to drop global growth to 1.5 percent in 2020, which is half the projected rate of growth prior to the outbreak, with implications for international tourism. Similarly, the International Monetary Fund forecasts that the COVID-19 outbreak could cause a global recession that could be worse than the one triggered by the global financial crisis of 2008-09. © Dogan Gursoy, Mehmet Sarıışık, Robin Nunkoo and Erhan Boğan 2021.
ABSTRACT
Offering a comprehensive understanding of the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for the tourism and hospitality industry, this book discusses the topic from economic, sociological and psychological perspectives. Critical case studies are used to explore both micro impacts on individuals involved in the industry and governmental and international responses to issues posed by the pandemic more broadly. © Dogan Gursoy, Mehmet Sarıışık, Robin Nunkoo and Erhan Boğan 2021.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic, which appeared in China in late 2019, has affected the world psychologically, socially and economically in 2020. Tourism is one of the areas where the effects of COVID-19 have been felt most clearly. The study aims to determine the effect of negative problem orientation (NPO) and perceived risk related to the COVID-19 pandemic on travel and destination visit intention. Design/methodology/approach: This study employed a convenience and probabilistic sampling method for collecting data from 531 respondents using an online questionnaire. Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used for testing research model. Findings: According to the findings, NPO and perceived risk related to the pandemic were found to have direct and indirect effects on the travel behavior of tourists. The results of this research provide theoretical and practical implications for hospitality and travel businesses on topics such as the psychological effects of the pandemic and the travel behaviors of tourists. Originality/value: It is estimated that the pandemic will also affect tourist behavior due to its effects on human psychology. For this reason, a study conducted in the context of tourist behavior theories is expected to contribute to the literature, managers and future of the tourism. © 2022, Ümit Şengel, Gökhan Genç, Merve Işkın, Mustafa Çevrimkaya, Ioannis Assiouras, Burhanettin Zengin, Mehmet Sarıışık and Dimitrios Buhalis.
ABSTRACT
Purpose - This study aims to investigate the effect of tourists' anxiety levels regarding pandemic on their intention to travel and intention to destination visit as a reflection of risk perception. Design/methodology/approach - This study employed a quantitative research design. Multivariate statistical methods were used because they predict cause and effect relationships. The data collection process was completed in 32 days between March 20 and April 20, 2020. Smart-PLS software was used for data analysis. Findings - According to the study results, the level of concern tourists have about the COVID-19 outbreak directly affected their intention to travel and indirectly affected their intention to visit destinations. Research limitations/implications - According to the results of the study, people's anxiety levels about COVID-19 will negatively affect their travel behavior after the pandemic. Such results suggest that when potential travelers' pandemic-induced anxiety levels increase, their travel intention after the pandemic will decrease. In addition, there is a positive relationship between people's intention to travel and post-COVID-19 touristic visit intentions. Therefore, as people's travel intentions increase, so do their destination visit intentions. Another important theoretical implication of this research is that people's pandemic-induced anxiety levels have been shown to negatively affect their destination visit intention through the mediating variable of travel intention. Practical implications - A multidimensional and stakeholder engagement process needs to be followed to decrease the influences of the pandemic on destinations. Destination management organizations (DMOs) can take an active role in crisis periods to encourage stakeholder participation while attracting tourism demand in the post-COVID-19 era. Originality/value - This study is important for its topical relevance and for providing specific theoretical and practical implications concerning tourists' travel behavior.
ABSTRACT
The main purpose of this study is to generate estimates of the total income and tourist arrivals in the tourism industry with the Covid-19 pandemic in the next five years (2020-2024). For this purpose, estimates were produced through ARV formulation considering the secondary data obtained from the official statistics in the 1995-2018 UNWTO reports and three different scenarios published in the World Economic Outlook April report. Taking the emerging results into account, if the Covid-19 pandemic lasts longer than expected (the best of the worst scenario), the next five years' average tourist arrival shrinkage maybe -5,04% and an economic loss of $70.6 billion may occur. However, according to the worst-case scenario, an annual contraction of -11.54% and an economic loss of 141.8 billion dollars are expected in the tourism sector.
ABSTRACT
This study aims to determine the differences between behaviors of potential tourists by examining how the crisis perception of COVID-19 impacts tourism demand and what kind of attitudinal dimensions potential tourists bring to the fore in their travel requests. Data were collected from 685 local tourists living in Turkey. Explanatory Factor Analysis was performed, followed by a t-test and one-way ANOVA, to determine the differences between demographic features. In the face of the pandemic, the potential tourist will tend to isolate, avoid, and turn to alternative forms of tourism. In addition, the approach to traditional travel and accommodation activities is changing and has been altogether thrown into question. The differentiation of tourism preferences according to the demographic characteristics of participants reveals that the effects of the pandemic differ depending on personal characteristics. The effect of external environmental conditions on consumer behavior and demand in tourism is a topic studied in the literature. There are also studies on the impact of regional epidemics on tourism, such as SARS, Ebola, among others. However, empirical studies on the impact of a global pandemic such as the Covid-19 on consumer behavior and demand in tourism are limited. This study which determine the effect of Covid-19 on tourism demand and consumer behavior, will contribute to the literature. The results of this study can be a guide for tourism businesses in other countries. It can be a source for academically similar studies in terms of method and application.
ABSTRACT
Purpose - This study examines the relationship of COVID-19 with the tourism industry in the context of news coverage. More specifically, this study analyzes the relationship between COVID-19 and subsectors of tourism throughout different periods of the pandemic. Design/methodology/approach - Qualitative research techniques were applied, and content analysis used, to analyze the collected data. The news contents obtained cover two one-week periods: March 5-12, 2020, and April 5-12, 2020. The content analysis method and MAXQDA program were used to analyze the data. Findings - The research findings reveal that tourism and news related to COVID-19 were heavily connected with the travel industry during March 5-12, 2020, with concentrations slightly favoring the hospitality industry. In the period of April 5-12, 2020, the strong relationship between tourism and travel continued. During the latter period, the hospitality and the events industries were both subjects of relevant news. Research limitations/implications - This study examined the news during a short period of time. In addition, the sample of the study does not represent all news in all media. Examining different media outlets and different news cycles may produce different results. Originality/value - This is one of the first studies to examine the relationship between the pandemic and the tourism industry from a macro perspective in the context of news coverage. The study provides implications for policy-makers, tourism planners and industry.